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Birch, L.C. 1948. The intrinsic rate of natural increase of an insect population. J. Anim.Ecol.
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Napompeth, B. 1973. Ecology and Population Dynamics of the Corn Planthopper, Peregrinus
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Price, P.W. 1975. Insect Ecology. John Wiley&Sons, New York. 514 pp.