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(" V = l x m
x
x
R &6
" ". L0,!0'L (net reproductive rate of increase)
0
∞
(" R 0 = ∑ ml x x

x =1
H R 0 > 1 %

1 . / +7 % H (5

R 0 < 1 %

1 ( % H (5
R 0 = 1 5
. / 6 ( %
% H (5
T &6 "0 "
0 (cohort generation time)
c
∞
∑ ml x x x
(" T c = x =1
∞
∑ ml x x
x =1
r &6 & ! ! 'L f
. / ' . L0
(capacity of increase)
c
ln R
(" r = 0
c
T c
λ &6
. / ' / ' * (finite rate of increase)
(" λ = anti log e r
c
DT &6 "
. / %
! ' (population doubling time)
log 2
(" DT = e
r c

4.2 # $ 8 P X;" $ V !" : ; (Data presentation)

+/

0

$+
4 % * 7" 2 %( &6 %(' .6/ $+
4 biological
0
/
life table %0(' /! .6/ $+
4 H+ partial ecological life table

4.2.1 Biological life table
1 5 +/ "0 '
*1 100 V '1
* #* /"
1

)

1

'
( (
* 2 # !) " K * Y " * #* Y "' /
0
+7

0
1

( *
* #* 5 '
* "( 5 Y " " ( '5(

)
1
7
0
/

! % ## biological life table &1 & ' !H 5(

0

" ". L0,!0'L (net reproductive rate of increase = R ) % " "
0 (cohort
/
o
/
generation time = T )
. / ' '* (finite rate of increase = λ) &

c
! ! 'L f
. / ' . L0
(innate capacity of increase = r ) "
. /
c